Myanmar's coup leader who set off a brutal civil war becomes president

## Summary
Myanmar's coup leader who set off a brutal civil war becomes president 3 hours ago Share Save Add as preferred on Google Jonathan Head South East Asia correspondent, Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon, Myanmar Watch: BBC attends Myanmar military parade as general Min Aung Hlaing seeks presidency Just seven days after he made the fateful decision to launch his coup against the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi on 1 February 2021, General Min Aung Hlaing made a promise; to hold elections, and return to civilian rule, within a year. Jonathan Head/ BBC Even with a civil war raging across the country, Myanmar's junta has held a grand military parade every year So, as he presided for the last time over the spectacular parade the Myanmar armed forces hold every year in the capital Nay Pyi Taw, we listened carefully for any hint in his speech of reflection or regret over the damage his coup has caused. Nothing in the speech suggested that Min Aung Hlaing in civilian clothes was going to rule Myanmar any differently from when he was in uniform. "The conflict in Myanmar will remain largely unchanged," says Su Mon, senior analyst at ACLED, an organisation which collects data on armed conflicts. "The new commander-in-chief, General Ye Win Oo, is a loyalist whose family has a close relationship with that of Min Aung Hlaing. If we give up now, the next generation, our people, will suffer more and more." Lulu Luo/ BBC After five years of conflict, Myanmar's people are exhausted and uncertain of their future Min Aung Hlaing's coup has dealt a staggering blow to the economy.

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Myanmar's coup leader who set off a brutal civil war becomes president
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Jonathan Head
South East Asia correspondent, Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon, Myanmar
Watch: BBC attends Myanmar military parade as general Min Aung Hlaing seeks presidency
Just seven days after he made the fateful decision to launch his coup against the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi on 1 February 2021, General Min Aung Hlaing made a promise; to hold elections, and return to civilian rule, within a year.
It has taken him five years to fulfil that promise.
Today, the newly-elected parliament chose him to be the next president. Min Aung Hlaing has already stepped down as armed forces commander, as required by the constitution before he can take the post of president.
But this is civilian rule in name only.
The parliament, sitting for the first time since the coup, is filled with his loyalists. With the armed forces guaranteed one quarter of the seats, and the military's own party, the USDP, winning nearly 80% of the remaining seats in an election which was tilted heavily in its favour, this was a preordained outcome. More of a coronation, than an election.
Military men are also likely to dominate the new government when it is formed. Min Aung Hlaing has ensured that a staunch ally, General Ye Win Oo, a hardliner with a reputation for brutality, replaces him at the head of the armed forces.
He has also created a new consultative council, which will exercise paramount authority over civilian and military affairs. He is ensuring that in taking off his uniform, he does not dilute his power.
Jonathan Head/ BBC
For many in Myanmar, little will change because the country remains in the grip of its military leaders
For young activists like Kyaw Win – not his real name – all hope of change has gone. As a student he was arrested for taking part in a flash mob protest against the coup in 2022, and tortured for a week, before being jailed. He was only recently released.
"They beat me on my back with an iron rod. They burned me with cigarettes, and slashed my thigh with a knife. Then they stripped my underwear and sexually assaulted me. They interrogated me, but it was never clear what they wanted me to say."
Kyaw Win says his commitment to the revolution, as the activists call it, is unchanged, but he feels unable to do much now from inside Myanmar. He is planning to seek work outside the country.
The five years since Min Aung Hlaing's coup have been a catastrophe for Myanmar.
He appears to have massively miscalculated the public anger he would provoke by seizing power just as the parliament was about to confirm another term of office for Aung San Suu Kyi and her National League for Democracy, following their landslide win in the November 2020 election.
His decision to use lethal force against the mass protests which broke out across the country ignited a civil war which has killed thousands, displaced millions and ruined the economy.
The military regime has ceded control of huge areas of the country to the armed resistance. It has responded by unleashing its air power on opposition-controlled villages with indiscriminate attacks that have destroyed schools, homes and hospitals.
This is a long-standing military tactic in Myanmar, known as "the four cuts" intended to devastate communities that support insurgent groups. With Chinese and Russian help, the junta has now recaptured some of the ground lost over the past two years.
Jonathan Head/ BBC
Even with a civil war raging across the country, Myanmar's junta has held a grand military parade every year
So, as he presided for the last time over the spectacular parade the Myanmar armed forces hold every year in the capital Nay Pyi Taw, we listened carefully for any hint in his speech of reflection or regret over the damage his coup has caused. There was none.
Instead, we were treated to the same unapologetic justifications for military intervention we have heard so many times before. The soldiers had a constitutional mandate for "constructive engagement in national politics", he said. It was they who had upheld multi-party democracy.
Those opposing military rule were "armed terrorist factions", supported by "foreign aggressors and self-serving political opportunists". Nothing in the speech suggested that Min Aung Hlaing in civilian clothes was going to rule Myanmar any differently from when he was in uniform.
"The conflict in Myanmar will remain largely unchanged," says Su Mon, senior analyst at ACLED, an organisation which collects data on armed conflicts.
"The new commander-in-chief, General Ye Win Oo, is a loyalist whose family has a close relationship with that of Min Aung Hlaing. He is likely to follow in his footsteps, first and foremost to regain control of lost territory. Resistance groups still control around 90 towns. This means more air and drone strikes on civilians in resistance-controlled areas, more scorched earth campaigns."
The National Un

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## Expert Analysis

### Merits
- Nor can we progress with the current constitution.

### Areas for Consideration
- These days if you try to make a simple honest living, it is difficult to survive, but if you are dishonest, you can become rich." The fuel shortage is especially tough for businesses in Myanmar because so many depend on generators for power; the electricity grid provides only a few hours of power a day in most of Yangon.

### Implications
- He has also created a new consultative council, which will exercise paramount authority over civilian and military affairs.
- Jonathan Head/ BBC For many in Myanmar, little will change because the country remains in the grip of its military leaders For young activists like Kyaw Win – not his real name – all hope of change has gone.
- Nothing in the speech suggested that Min Aung Hlaing in civilian clothes was going to rule Myanmar any differently from when he was in uniform. "The conflict in Myanmar will remain largely unchanged," says Su Mon, senior analyst at ACLED, an organisation which collects data on armed conflicts. "The new commander-in-chief, General Ye Win Oo, is a loyalist whose family has a close relationship with that of Min Aung Hlaing.
- It insists it will keep fighting to purge the military from political life, and to enact a new federal constitution. "This is not the time to compromise," spokesman Nay Phone Latt said. "If the military cannot accept our objectives, our revolution will go on.

### Expert Commentary
This article covers myanmar, military, aung topics. Notable strengths include discussion of myanmar. Areas of concern are also raised. Readability: Flesch-Kincaid grade 0.0. Word count: 1479.