Asymmetric selection of a rice immune module and rebuild of disease resistance | Nature

## Summary
Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Wu, Q. et al. Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar DeFalco, T. Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Wang, J. et al. Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Xie, W. et al.

## Article Content
Subjects
Pattern recognition receptors in plants
Plant breeding
Transgenic plants
Abstract
Artificial selection has greatly shaped crop agronomic traits
1
,
2
,
3
; however, the mechanistic basis of how immunity is selected remains unclear. Here we identify the
Oryza sativa
nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor XA48 and downstream transcription factors
Os
VOZ1 and
Os
VOZ2 (
Os
VOZ1/2), which confer resistance to bacterial blight. XA48 perceives the ancient pathogen effector XopG, activating effector-triggered immunity by degrading the negative regulator
Os
VOZ1/2. The XA48–
Os
VOZ1 module has undergone subspecies-specific selection:
Xa48
is retained only in
Oryza sativa
indica
and was lost in
Oryza sativa
japonica
. By contrast, Os
VOZ1
has diverged into two haplotypes—
O. s. indica
retains both Os
VOZ1
A/S
alleles compatible with
Xa48
, whereas
O. s. japonica
has only Os
VOZ1
A
. Reintroducing
Xa48
into
O. s. japonica
severely compromises yield owing to the XA48–
Os
VOZ1
A
-mediated immune incompatibility. Stacking XA48-mediated effector-triggered immunity with XA21-mediated pattern-triggered immunity reconstitutes the broad-spectrum resistance from wild rice. Our study therefore reveals how asymmetric selection of an NLR–transcription factor module shapes disease resistance and reproductive development, providing a strategy for breeding crops by harnessing the relative immunity of wild rice.
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Fig. 1:
Xa48
confers lifetime resistance to Northeast Asian bacterial blight strains.
Fig. 2: XA48 perceives the corresponding effector XopG and forms Ca
2+
-permeable channels.
Fig. 3: XA48 interacts with and facilitates degradation of
Os
VOZ1 and
Os
VOZ2 for immune activation.
Fig. 4: Subspecies-specific selection of XA48–
Os
VOZ1 contributes to
Xa48
-induced reproductive penalty in
O. s. japonica
.
Fig. 5: BSR is reconstructed by stacking
Xa48
-mediated ETI and
Xa21
-mediated PTI.
Data availability
All data are available within this Article and its
Supplementary Information
. Original gel blots are shown in Supplementary Fig.
1
. The full genomic sequence of
Xa48
can be found in GenBank under accession numbers
OR712925
and
OR712926
. The RNA-seq data generated in this study have been deposited in the SRA database under accession number
PRJNA1028151
. Gene sequences of the 3K rice germplasm were retrieved from the Rice Functional Genomics and Breeding (RFGB) database (
https://www.rmbreeding.cn/public/searchbak
), and the accession codes (BioProject) of the rice accessions used for allele frequency analysis are provided in Supplementary Table
4
.
Source data
are provided with this paper.
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## Expert Analysis

### Merits
- Research progress on cloning and function of Xa genes against rice bacterial blight.
- Breeding signatures of rice improvement revealed by a genomic variation map from a large germplasm collection.
- Evaluating the effective numbers of independent tests and significant p

### Areas for Consideration
- Subjects Pattern recognition receptors in plants Plant breeding Transgenic plants Abstract Artificial selection has greatly shaped crop agronomic traits 1 , 2 , 3 ; however, the mechanistic basis of how immunity is selected remains unclear.
- A two-locus interaction causes interspecific hybrid weakness in rice.

### Implications
- Go to natureasia.com Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF. 39,95 € Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout Fig. 1: Xa48 confers lifetime resistance to Northeast Asian bacterial blight strains.
- Regulation of pattern recognition receptor signalling in plants.
- Epigenetic regulation of antagonistic receptors confers rice blast resistance with yield balance.

### Expert Commentary
This article covers pubmed, article, google topics. Notable strengths include discussion of pubmed. Areas of concern are also raised. Readability: Flesch-Kincaid grade 0.0. Word count: 2359.