Analysis:SpaceX’s orbital data centers could face same hurdles as Microsoft’s abandoned undersea project

## Summary
Click here to return to FAST Tap here to return to FAST FAST LOS ANGELES, April 1 : SpaceX on Wednesday filed for an IPO that Elon Musk says will bankroll an effort to turn the rocket maker into an AI powerhouse, launching up to 1 million data‑center satellites into orbit to bypass power and water limits on Earth. Asked for comment, a Microsoft spokesperson said: “While we don’t currently have datacenters in the water, we will continue to use Project Natick as a research platform to explore, test, and validate new concepts around datacenter reliability and sustainability.” CNA Games Guess Word Crack the word, one row at a time Buzzword Create words using the given letters Mini Sudoku Tiny puzzle, mighty brain teaser Mini Crossword Small grid, big challenge Word Search Spot as many words as you can Show More Show Less Five data center specialists told Reuters that what went wrong for Microsoft is a cautionary tale for SpaceX because although both projects are a world apart geographically, they share key similarities: they both rely on modular units that are expensive to deploy and cannot be expanded, repaired or upgraded - features considered critical by the AI industry. “These problems are likely to be more severe in space than under the sea,” said Roy Chua, founder of industry research firm AvidThink, pointing to unresolved questions over how to cool data centers in orbit, high rocket launch costs and the effects of the harsh space environment on AI chips. MUSK'S SPACE AMBITIONS FACE HURDLES Although Microsoft proved that undersea data centers could work, customers were not interested in scaling them, instead expanding conventional land‑based facilities that allowed cheaper, faster upgrades as AI development accelerated, the two people with knowledge of the project said, asking not to be named due to the sensitivity of the matter. SPACE AI COULD BE NICHE BUSINESS Space data centers do have a future, but it is more likely to complement ground-based data centers, said Claude Rousseau, a research director at Analysys Mason who tracks satellite markets. “I strongly believe that there’ll be no way in the foreseeable future that space‑based data centers can replace ground data centers,” Rousseau said, adding that it would be a more niche industry serving infrastructure in orbit, like military satellite constellations and space stations.

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Analysis:SpaceX’s orbital data centers could face same hurdles as Microsoft’s abandoned undersea project
SpaceX’s facilities as the initial public offering (IPO) is expected to be announced soon in Starbase, Texas, U.S. March 31, 2026. REUTERS/Gabriel V. Cardenas
02 Apr 2026 02:35AM
(Updated: 02 Apr 2026 02:40AM)
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LOS ANGELES, April 1 : SpaceX on Wednesday filed for an IPO that Elon Musk says will bankroll an effort to turn the rocket maker into an AI powerhouse, launching up to 1 million data‑center satellites into orbit to bypass power and water limits on Earth.
Microsoft had a similar ambition to escape land‑based computing constraints in 2015, when it lowered a shipping‑container‑sized data center onto the seabed off Scotland, aiming to cut energy use through natural seawater cooling and tapping offshore wind and tidal power.
Microsoft’s "Project Natick," once touted as a potential breakthrough for the data‑center industry, successfully met all its technical targets but underwater data centers were abandoned more than two years ago due to a lack of client demand and unviable economics, two sources with knowledge of the project told Reuters.
Asked for comment, a Microsoft spokesperson said: “While we don’t currently have datacenters in the water, we will continue to use Project Natick as a research platform to explore, test, and validate new concepts around datacenter reliability and sustainability.”
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Five data center specialists told Reuters that what went wrong for Microsoft is a cautionary tale for SpaceX because although both projects are a world apart geographically, they share key similarities: they both rely on modular units that are expensive to deploy and cannot be expanded, repaired or upgraded - features considered critical by the AI industry.
“These problems are likely to be more severe in space than under the sea,” said Roy Chua, founder of industry research firm AvidThink, pointing to unresolved questions over how to cool data centers in orbit, high rocket launch costs and the effects of the harsh space environment on AI chips.
SpaceX did not respond to a request for comment. SpaceX, which acquired Musk's AI startup xAI in February, could raise up to $75 billion when it goes public, making it potentially the largest IPO in history. The holdings of xAI include social media company X, formerly Twitter, and AI chatbot Grok.
MUSK'S SPACE AMBITIONS FACE HURDLES
Although Microsoft proved that undersea data centers could work, customers were not interested in scaling them, instead expanding conventional land‑based facilities that allowed cheaper, faster upgrades as AI development accelerated, the two people with knowledge of the project said, asking not to be named due to the sensitivity of the matter.
The sealed, “locked‑for‑life” design - which SpaceX would replicate in orbit - has limited flexibility, since AI chips are rapidly improving every year, while a satellite or undersea data center might be replaced only every five to seven years.
The economics were also a stumbling block, the two people said. Deploying data centers under the sea was more expensive than building on land, and while those costs might have fallen at scale, doing so would have required tens of billions of dollars in investment.
Space will be far more expensive.
Analysts at MoffettNathanson, an independent U.S. equity research firm, said in a February research note that Musk’s plan to put a million AI satellites in space would run into the trillions of dollars.
In order for data centers in space to become commercially viable, launch costs would need to fall from today’s low thousands of dollars per kilogram to the low hundreds of dollars per kilogram, analysts say.
“The problem is not whether something can work, but whether it makes sense economically versus simply building more capacity on the ground,” said Tim Farrar, an independent satellite industry analyst at TMF Associates.
Musk says he will overcome the technical and financial hurdles, including radiation exposure, heat management in a vacuum and the need for frequent hardware replacement, by sharply lowering launch costs and developing more resilient AI chips.
Demand will not be an issue, Musk says, because Earth’s energy resources will quickly be depleted as AI is needed to support a world where robots outnumber humans, al

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## Expert Analysis

### Merits
- Microsoft’s "Project Natick," once touted as a potential breakthrough for the data‑center industry, successfully met all its technical targets but underwater data centers were abandoned more than two years ago due to a lack of client demand and unviable economics, two sources with knowledge of the project told Reuters.

### Areas for Consideration
- Asked for comment, a Microsoft spokesperson said: “While we don’t currently have datacenters in the water, we will continue to use Project Natick as a research platform to explore, test, and validate new concepts around datacenter reliability and sustainability.” CNA Games Guess Word Crack the word, one row at a time Buzzword Create words using the given letters Mini Sudoku Tiny puzzle, mighty brain teaser Mini Crossword Small grid, big challenge Word Search Spot as many words as you can Show More Show Less Five data center specialists told Reuters that what went wrong for Microsoft is a cautionary tale for SpaceX because although both projects are a world apart geographically, they share key similarities: they both rely on modular units that are expensive to deploy and cannot be expanded, repaired or upgraded - features considered critical by the AI industry. “These problems are likely to be more severe in space than under the sea,” said Roy Chua, founder of industry research firm AvidThink, pointing to unresolved questions over how to cool data centers in orbit, high rocket launch costs and the effects of the harsh space environment on AI chips.
- In order for data centers in space to become commercially viable, launch costs would need to fall from today’s low thousands of dollars per kilogram to the low hundreds of dollars per kilogram, analysts say. “The problem is not whether something can work, but whether it makes sense economically versus simply building more capacity on the ground,” said Tim Farrar, an independent satellite industry analyst at TMF Associates.
- Demand will not be an issue, Musk says, because Earth’s energy resources will quickly be depleted as AI is needed to support a world where robots outnumber humans, all cars drive themselves and space travel becomes routine. “The idea that we just can’t solve problems on Earth, like power shortages and environmental issues, strikes me as unrealistically negative about Earth to try and make everything seem better in space," Farrar said.

### Implications
- Advertisement Business Analysis:SpaceX’s orbital data centers could face same hurdles as Microsoft’s abandoned undersea project SpaceX’s facilities as the initial public offering (IPO) is expected to be announced soon in Starbase, Texas, U.S.
- Click here to return to FAST Tap here to return to FAST FAST LOS ANGELES, April 1 : SpaceX on Wednesday filed for an IPO that Elon Musk says will bankroll an effort to turn the rocket maker into an AI powerhouse, launching up to 1 million data‑center satellites into orbit to bypass power and water limits on Earth.
- Asked for comment, a Microsoft spokesperson said: “While we don’t currently have datacenters in the water, we will continue to use Project Natick as a research platform to explore, test, and validate new concepts around datacenter reliability and sustainability.” CNA Games Guess Word Crack the word, one row at a time Buzzword Create words using the given letters Mini Sudoku Tiny puzzle, mighty brain teaser Mini Crossword Small grid, big challenge Word Search Spot as many words as you can Show More Show Less Five data center specialists told Reuters that what went wrong for Microsoft is a cautionary tale for SpaceX because although both projects are a world apart geographically, they share key similarities: they both rely on modular units that are expensive to deploy and cannot be expanded, repaired or upgraded - features considered critical by the AI industry. “These problems are likely to be more severe in space than under the sea,” said Roy Chua, founder of industry research firm AvidThink, pointing to unresolved questions over how to cool data centers in orbit, high rocket launch costs and the effects of the harsh space environment on AI chips.
- SpaceX, which acquired Musk's AI startup xAI in February, could raise up to $75 billion when it goes public, making it potentially the largest IPO in history.

### Expert Commentary
This article covers data, space, centers topics. Notable strengths include discussion of data. Areas of concern are also raised. Readability: Flesch-Kincaid grade 0.0. Word count: 1299.