AI Space Physics: Constitutive boundary semantics for open AI institutions
arXiv:2603.03119v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agentic AI deployments increasingly behave as persistent institutions rather than one-shot inference endpoints: they accumulate state, invoke external tools, coordinate multiple runtimes, and modify their future authority surface over time. Existing governance language typically specifies...
Universal Conceptual Structure in Neural Translation: Probing NLLB-200's Multilingual Geometry
arXiv:2603.02258v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Do neural machine translation models learn language-universal conceptual representations, or do they merely cluster languages by surface similarity? We investigate this question by probing the representation geometry of Meta's NLLB-200, a 200-language encoder-decoder Transformer, through...
RO-N3WS: Enhancing Generalization in Low-Resource ASR with Diverse Romanian Speech Benchmarks
arXiv:2603.02368v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce RO-N3WS, a benchmark Romanian speech dataset designed to improve generalization in automatic speech recognition (ASR), particularly in low-resource and out-of-distribution (OOD) conditions. RO-N3WS comprises over 126 hours of transcribed audio collected from broadcast...
ExpGuard: LLM Content Moderation in Specialized Domains
arXiv:2603.02588v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications, establishing robust safety guardrails to moderate their inputs and outputs has become essential to ensure adherence to safety policies. Current guardrail models predominantly...
Real-Time Generation of Game Video Commentary with Multimodal LLMs: Pause-Aware Decoding Approaches
arXiv:2603.02655v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Real-time video commentary generation provides textual descriptions of ongoing events in videos. It supports accessibility and engagement in domains such as sports, esports, and livestreaming. Commentary generation involves two essential decisions: what to say and...
Build, Judge, Optimize: A Blueprint for Continuous Improvement of Multi-Agent Consumer Assistants
arXiv:2603.03565v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Conversational shopping assistants (CSAs) represent a compelling application of agentic AI, but moving from prototype to production reveals two underexplored challenges: how to evaluate multi-turn interactions and how to optimize tightly coupled multi-agent systems. Grocery...
AI4S-SDS: A Neuro-Symbolic Solvent Design System via Sparse MCTS and Differentiable Physics Alignment
arXiv:2603.03686v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Automated design of chemical formulations is a cornerstone of materials science, yet it requires navigating a high-dimensional combinatorial space involving discrete compositional choices and continuous geometric constraints. Existing Large Language Model (LLM) agents face significant...
CONE: Embeddings for Complex Numerical Data Preserving Unit and Variable Semantics
arXiv:2603.04741v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large pre-trained models (LMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically effective at capturing language semantics and contextual relationships. However, these models encounter challenges in maintaining optimal performance on tasks involving numbers. Blindly treating numerical...
Evaluating the Search Agent in a Parallel World
arXiv:2603.04751v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Integrating web search tools has significantly extended the capability of LLMs to address open-world, real-time, and long-tail problems. However, evaluating these Search Agents presents formidable challenges. First, constructing high-quality deep search benchmarks is prohibitively expensive,...
Timer-S1: A Billion-Scale Time Series Foundation Model with Serial Scaling
arXiv:2603.04791v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce Timer-S1, a strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) time series foundation model with 8.3B total parameters, 0.75B activated parameters for each token, and a context length of 11.5K. To overcome the scalability bottleneck in existing pre-trained...
Design Behaviour Codes (DBCs): A Taxonomy-Driven Layered Governance Benchmark for Large Language Models
arXiv:2603.04837v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce the Dynamic Behavioral Constraint (DBC) benchmark, the first empirical framework for evaluating the efficacy of a structured, 150-control behavioral governance layer, the MDBC (Madan DBC) system, applied at inference time to large language...
On Multi-Step Theorem Prediction via Non-Parametric Structural Priors
arXiv:2603.04852v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-step theorem prediction is a central challenge in automated reasoning. Existing neural-symbolic approaches rely heavily on supervised parametric models, which exhibit limited generalization to evolving theorem libraries. In this work, we explore training-free theorem prediction...
Causally Robust Reward Learning from Reason-Augmented Preference Feedback
arXiv:2603.04861v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Preference-based reward learning is widely used for shaping agent behavior to match a user's preference, yet its sparse binary feedback makes it especially vulnerable to causal confusion. The learned reward often latches onto spurious features...
Authorize-on-Demand: Dynamic Authorization with Legality-Aware Intellectual Property Protection for VLMs
arXiv:2603.04896v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid adoption of vision-language models (VLMs) has heightened the demand for robust intellectual property (IP) protection of these high-value pretrained models. Effective IP protection should proactively confine model deployment within authorized domains and prevent...
EvoTool: Self-Evolving Tool-Use Policy Optimization in LLM Agents via Blame-Aware Mutation and Diversity-Aware Selection
arXiv:2603.04900v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: LLM-based agents depend on effective tool-use policies to solve complex tasks, yet optimizing these policies remains challenging due to delayed supervision and the difficulty of credit assignment in long-horizon trajectories. Existing optimization approaches tend to...
Rethinking Representativeness and Diversity in Dynamic Data Selection
arXiv:2603.04981v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Dynamic data selection accelerates training by sampling a changing subset of the dataset while preserving accuracy. We rethink two core notions underlying sample evaluation: representativeness and diversity. Instead of local geometric centrality, we define representativeness...
AegisUI: Behavioral Anomaly Detection for Structured User Interface Protocols in AI Agent Systems
arXiv:2603.05031v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI agents that build user interfaces on the fly assembling buttons, forms, and data displays from structured protocol payloads are becoming common in production systems. The trouble is that a payload can pass every schema...
The Trilingual Triad Framework: Integrating Design, AI, and Domain Knowledge in No-code AI Smart City Course
arXiv:2603.05036v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper introduces the "Trilingual Triad" framework, a model that explains how students learn to design with generative artificial intelligence (AI) through the integration of Design, AI, and Domain Knowledge. As generative AI rapidly enters...
Semantic Containment as a Fundamental Property of Emergent Misalignment
arXiv:2603.04407v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fine-tuning language models on narrowly harmful data causes emergent misalignment (EM) -- behavioral failures extending far beyond training distributions. Recent work demonstrates compartmentalization of misalignment behind contextual triggers, but these experiments mixed 97% benign data...
Unpacking Human Preference for LLMs: Demographically Aware Evaluation with the HUMAINE Framework
arXiv:2603.04409v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The evaluation of large language models faces significant challenges. Technical benchmarks often lack real-world relevance, while existing human preference evaluations suffer from unrepresentative sampling, superficial assessment depth, and single-metric reductionism. To address these issues, we...
Context-Dependent Affordance Computation in Vision-Language Models
arXiv:2603.04419v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We characterize the phenomenon of context-dependent affordance computation in vision-language models (VLMs). Through a large-scale computational study (n=3,213 scene-context pairs from COCO-2017) using Qwen-VL 30B and LLaVA-1.5-13B subject to systematic context priming across 7 agentic...
Generating Realistic, Protocol-Compliant Maritime Radio Dialogues using Self-Instruct and Low-Rank Adaptation
arXiv:2603.04423v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: VHF radio miscommunication remains a major safety risk in maritime operations, with human factors accounting for over 58% of recorded incidents in Europe between 2014 and 2023. Despite decades of operational use, VHF radio communications...
Query Disambiguation via Answer-Free Context: Doubling Performance on Humanity's Last Exam
arXiv:2603.04454v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: How carefully and unambiguously a question is phrased has a profound impact on the quality of the response, for Language Models (LMs) as well as people. While model capabilities continue to advance, the interplay between...
iAgentBench: Benchmarking Sensemaking Capabilities of Information-Seeking Agents on High-Traffic Topics
arXiv:2603.04656v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: With the emergence of search-enabled generative QA systems, users are increasingly turning to tools that browse, aggregate, and reconcile evidence across multiple sources on their behalf. Yet many widely used QA benchmarks remain answerable by...
Optimizing Language Models for Crosslingual Knowledge Consistency
arXiv:2603.04678v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models are known to often exhibit inconsistent knowledge. This is particularly problematic in multilingual scenarios, where models are likely to be asked similar questions in different languages, and inconsistent responses can undermine their...
ThaiSafetyBench: Assessing Language Model Safety in Thai Cultural Contexts
arXiv:2603.04992v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The safety evaluation of large language models (LLMs) remains largely centered on English, leaving non-English languages and culturally grounded risks underexplored. In this work, we investigate LLM safety in the context of the Thai language...
FedEMA-Distill: Exponential Moving Average Guided Knowledge Distillation for Robust Federated Learning
arXiv:2603.04422v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Federated learning (FL) often degrades when clients hold heterogeneous non-Independent and Identically Distributed (non-IID) data and when some clients behave adversarially, leading to client drift, slow convergence, and high communication overhead. This paper proposes FedEMA-Distill,...
Uncertainty-Calibrated Spatiotemporal Field Diffusion with Sparse Supervision
arXiv:2603.04431v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physical fields are typically observed only at sparse, time-varying sensor locations, making forecasting and reconstruction ill-posed and uncertainty-critical. We present SOLID, a mask-conditioned diffusion framework that learns spatiotemporal dynamics from sparse observations alone: training and...
ZorBA: Zeroth-order Federated Fine-tuning of LLMs with Heterogeneous Block Activation
arXiv:2603.04436v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Federated fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) enables collaborative tuning across distributed clients. However, due to the large size of LLMs, local updates in federated learning (FL) may incur substantial video random-access memory (VRAM) usage....
ASFL: An Adaptive Model Splitting and Resource Allocation Framework for Split Federated Learning
arXiv:2603.04437v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their raw data. However, the limited computation resources of the clients may result in a high delay and energy consumption...