International Law

This chapter confronts the foundational challenges posed to legal theory and legal philosophy by the rise of computational ‘law’. Two types will be distinguished, noting that they can be combined into hybrid systems. On the one hand, the use of...

In the global debate about the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based tools such as ChatGPT in healthcare decisions, the question of their use as regulatory-approved Software as Medical Device (SaMD) has not yet been sufficiently clarified. Currently, this discussion...

Abstract Background Considering the disruptive potential of AI technology, its current and future impact in healthcare, as well as healthcare professionals’ lack of training in how to use it, the paper summarizes how to approach the challenges of AI from...

The AI Legal Insight Analyzer (ALIA) is a smart web application designed to make legal document analysis faster, easier, and more accurate. By combining artificial intelligence (AI) with natural language processing (NLP), ALIA helps legal professionals, researchers, and students efficiently...

Predicting outcomes of legal cases may aid in the understanding of the judicial decision-making process. Outcomes can be predicted based on i) case-specific legal factors such as type of evidence ii) extra-legal factors such as the ideological direction of the...

Abstract In this commentary, we discuss the nature of reversible and irreversible questions, that is, questions that may enable one to identify the nature of the source of their answers. We then introduce GPT-3, a third-generation, autoregressive language model that...

Purpose This study aims to investigate the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in the legal profession, focusing on its fit with tasks performed by legal practitioners and its impact on performance and adoption. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mixed...

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) has helped change the trajectory of Banking (FinTech) and Law (Reg Tech/Law Tech). Technology innovates at an astounding rate. AI and Gen AI can not only simulate human intelligence (human thinking) but also perform tasks...

The construction industry is one of the main sectors of the U.S. economy that has a major effect on the nation’s growth and prosperity. The construction industry’s contribution to the nation’s economy is, however, impeded by the increasing number of...

Researchers and practitioners from different disciplines have highlighted the ethical and legal challenges posed by the use of machine learned models and data-driven systems, and the potential for such systems to discriminate against certain population groups, due to biases in...

Artificial intelligence (AI) research and regulation seek to balance the benefits of innovation against any potential harms and disruption. However, one unintended consequence of the recent surge in AI research is the potential re-orientation of AI technologies to facilitate criminal...

Abstract Achieving the global benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) will require international cooperation on many areas of governance and ethical standards, while allowing for diverse cultural perspectives and priorities. There are many barriers to achieving this at present, including mistrust...

This paper explores the question of ethical governance for robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) systems. We outline a roadmap—which links a number of elements, including ethics, standards, regulation, responsible research and innovation, and public engagement—as a framework to guide ethical...

Abstract Calls to hold artificial intelligence to account are intensifying. Activists and researchers alike warn of an “accountability gap” or even a “crisis of accountability” in AI. Meanwhile, several prominent scholars maintain that accountability holds the key to governing AI....

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various industries has spurred curiosity about its potential role in reshaping the judiciary. This scientific paper delves into the application of AI within the judicial system and examines its potential impact in North...

Risk assessments are conducted at a number of decision points in criminal procedure including in bail, sentencing and parole as well as in determining extended supervision and continuing detention orders of high-risk offenders. Such risk assessments have traditionally been the...

This study explores intelligent identification methods for undue influence and grossly unfair clauses from the cross-perspectives of artificial intelligence and comparative contract law, focusing on the integration of intelligent text analysis and legal knowledge graph technology. By constructing a dual...

[Context] Semantic legal metadata provides information that helps with understanding and interpreting the meaning of legal provisions. Such metadata is important for the systematic analysis of legal requirements. [Objectives] Our work is motivated by two observations: (1) The existing requirements...

In this brief contribution, I distinguish between code-driven and data-driven regulation as novel instantiations of legal regulation. Before moving deeper into data-driven regulation, I explain the difference between law and regulation, and the relevance of such a difference for the...

Law, interpretations of law, legal arguments, agreements, etc. are typically expressed in writing, leading to the production of vast corpora of legal text.Their analysis, which is at the center of legal practice, becomes increasingly elaborate as these collections grow in...

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare represents a transformative shift with substantial potential for enhancing patient care. This paper critically examines this integration, confronting significant ethical, legal, and technological challenges, particularly in patient privacy, decision-making autonomy, and data integrity. A...

Judicial documents and judgments are a rich source of information about legal cases, litigants, and judicial decision-makers. Natural language processing (NLP) based approaches have recently received much attention for their ability to decipher implicit information from text. NLP researchers have...

As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) continues to spread, we have seen an increase in examples of AI systems reflecting or exacerbating societal bias, from racist facial recognition to sexist natural language processing. These biases threaten to overshadow AI’s...

We argue why interpretability should have primacy alongside empiricism for several reasons: first, if machine learning (ML) models are beginning to render some of the high-risk healthcare decisions instead of clinicians, these models pose a novel medicolegal and ethical frontier...

This paper explored the characteristics of the digital learning ecosystem (DLE) in educational institutions based on the analysis of English scholarly discourse from various sources between 2002 and 2021. The content analysis method was used to examine core conceptual elements...

Given the foreseeable pervasiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern societies, it is legitimate and necessary to ask the question how this new technology must be shaped to support the maintenance and strengthening of constitutional democracy. This paper first describes...

Background: The continuous development of artificial intelligence (AI) and increasing rate of adoption by software startups calls for governance measures to be implemented at the design and development stages to help mitigate AI governance concerns. Most AI ethical design and...

Recruiting Events Each year, Vanderbilt Law School LL.M. admissions representatives attend a variety of student recruiting events across the globe. This year, we will be attending a number of in-person and virtual events, including the LSAC Digital Forums, virtual LL.M....

Algorithmic fairness has attracted significant attention in recent years, with many quantitative measures suggested for characterizing the fairness of different machine learning algorithms. Despite this interest, the robustness of those fairness measures with respect to an intentional adversarial attack has...