International Law

arXiv:2603.06248v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding the intricate non-convex training dynamics of softmax-based models is crucial for explaining the empirical success of transformers. In this article, we analyze the gradient flow dynamics of the value-softmax model, defined as ${L}(\mathbf{V} \sigma(\mathbf{a}))$,...

ARTICLE The Institutional Economics of Marriage: A Reinterpretation of Margaret Brinig’s Contribution to Family Law Douglas W. Allen* Margaret (Peg) Brinig has made a massive contribution to family law over the course of the past thirty-five years. Spanning the two...

ARTICLE The Algorithm Game Jane Bambauer* & Tal Zarsky** Most of the discourse on algorithmic decisionmaking, whether it comes in the form of praise or warning, assumes that algorithms apply to a static world. But automated decisionmaking is a dynamic...

ARTICLE The Demise of the Functionality Doctrine in Design Patent Law Perry J. Saidman* The so-called doctrine of functionality arises in both design patent validity and infringement analyses. Broadly stated, the doctrine seeks to ensure that design patents do not...

Introduction Legislatures face a tension between legislative effectiveness and the inclusion of minority parties in policymaking. On one hand, providing minority party members with a meaningful role in the development of legislation may decrease the…The postIncluding Minority Parties in Policymaking:...

In an increasingly technological, interconnected, and digital world, advancements in technology pose significant legal challenges. “Grey zone” conflicts—such as in cyber warfare, election interference, political subversion, and proxy wars—share a common characteristic: exploiting gaps in international law. These conflicts allow...

Holistically minded, the Office provides services and resources that reflect the diversity of needs and issues that law students encounter during their education. Its vision is to send the happiest, healthiest, and most professional law students out into the world...

This article describes the study results of semi-structured data processing and analysis of the Russian court decisions (almost 30 million) using distributed cluster-computing framework and machine learning. Spark was used for data processing and decisions trees were used for analysis....

Generative AI (e.g., Generative Adversarial Networks - GANs) has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, Generative AI introduces significant concerns regarding the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) (resp. model accountability) pertaining to images (resp. toxic images) and models...

Abstract Calls to hold artificial intelligence to account are intensifying. Activists and researchers alike warn of an “accountability gap” or even a “crisis of accountability” in AI. Meanwhile, several prominent scholars maintain that accountability holds the key to governing AI....

There is a growing literature critiquing the unreflective application of big data, predictive analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine-learning techniques to social problems. Such methods may reflect biases rather than reasoned decision making. They also may leave those affected by automated...

This article analyzes the challenges of regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Brazilian judicial system, considering the constitutional, ethical, and normative principles that guide the use of technologies within the Judiciary. The research examines the normative evolution promoted by the...

This viewpoint article first explores the ethical challenges associated with the future application of large language models (LLMs) in the context of medical education. These challenges include not only ethical concerns related to the development of LLMs, such as artificial...

The problem of finding a feedback law that drives the state of a linear discrete-time system to the origin in minimum-time subject to state-control constraints is considered. Algorithms are given to obtain facial descriptions of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -step...

A recurrent concern about machine learning algorithms is that they operate as “black boxes,” making it difficult to identify how and why the algorithms reach particular decisions, recommendations, or predictions. Yet judges will confront machine learning algorithms with increasing frequency,...

This research aims to show the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on fillings patent protection through patent rights. This research is normative legal research using a comparative legal approach in the Japanese AI protection system. The results indicate that the...

While COVID-19 creates profound medical concerns for health care providers, it also creates fear of potential lawsuits. Clinicians are forced to ration scarce resources, such as ventilators, when there is an inadequate supply. Medical professionals describe chaos in hospitals that...

Providing the university community the information they need to design an accessible environment. Ensuring equal access to programs, services, and events for people with disabilities is our shared responsibility towards right-doing and benefits everyone. Information for people with disabilities, whether...