International Law

Big data and its use by artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the way intellectual property is developed and granted. For decades, machines have been autonomously generating works which have traditionally been eligible for copyright and patent protection. Now, the growing...

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, particularly with the emergence of large language models. These models, such as GPT-3.5 and its variants, have revolutionized various domains, including legal text processing (LTP). This survey explores the...

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of papers in the algorithmic fairness literature proposing various technical definitions of algorithmic bias and methods to mitigate bias. Whether these algorithmic bias mitigation methods would be permissible from a legal perspective...

Copyright law in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has the capacity to address the challenges associated with artificial intelligence (AI)-generated literary, artistic and scientific works. Under UAE copyright law, AI-generated works may qualify as copyright subject matter despite the non-human...

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of AI breakthroughs on copyright and challenges faced by intellectual property legal protection systems. Specifically, the study aims to analyze the implications of AI-generated works in the context of...

Abstract As the efficacy of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving aspects of healthcare delivery is increasingly becoming evident, it becomes likely that AI will be incorporated in routine clinical care in the near future. This promise has led to growing...

This chapter confronts the foundational challenges posed to legal theory and legal philosophy by the rise of computational ‘law’. Two types will be distinguished, noting that they can be combined into hybrid systems. On the one hand, the use of...

Abstract Background Considering the disruptive potential of AI technology, its current and future impact in healthcare, as well as healthcare professionals’ lack of training in how to use it, the paper summarizes how to approach the challenges of AI from...

The AI Legal Insight Analyzer (ALIA) is a smart web application designed to make legal document analysis faster, easier, and more accurate. By combining artificial intelligence (AI) with natural language processing (NLP), ALIA helps legal professionals, researchers, and students efficiently...

Predicting outcomes of legal cases may aid in the understanding of the judicial decision-making process. Outcomes can be predicted based on i) case-specific legal factors such as type of evidence ii) extra-legal factors such as the ideological direction of the...

Abstract In this commentary, we discuss the nature of reversible and irreversible questions, that is, questions that may enable one to identify the nature of the source of their answers. We then introduce GPT-3, a third-generation, autoregressive language model that...

Purpose This study aims to investigate the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in the legal profession, focusing on its fit with tasks performed by legal practitioners and its impact on performance and adoption. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mixed...

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) has helped change the trajectory of Banking (FinTech) and Law (Reg Tech/Law Tech). Technology innovates at an astounding rate. AI and Gen AI can not only simulate human intelligence (human thinking) but also perform tasks...

Abstract Objective To develop and validate a machine learning model that helps physician advisors efficiently identify hospital admission denials likely to be overturned on appeal. Materials Analysis of 2473 appealed hospital admission denials with known outcomes, split 90:10 for training...

The article discusses the features of international legal regulation of the development and application of artificial intelligence and robotics in the world. The focus of international organizations on maintaining an optimal balance between the interests of society and the state...

Gottfried Leibniz—who died just more than 300 years ago in November 1716—worked on many things, but a theme that recurred throughout his life was the goal of turning human law into an exercise in computation. One gets a reasonable idea...

The problem of finding a feedback law that drives the state of a linear discrete-time system to the origin in minimum-time subject to state-control constraints is considered. Algorithms are given to obtain facial descriptions of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -step...

AI in education is not only a challenging area of technical development and educational innovation, but increasingly the focus of critical analysis informed by the social sciences, philosophy and theory. This chapter provides an overview of critical perspectives on AI...

AbstractEthics-based auditing (EBA) is a structured process whereby an entity’s past or present behaviour is assessed for consistency with moral principles or norms. Recently, EBA has attracted much attention as a governance mechanism that may help to bridge the gap...

This article examines the intricate legal landscape surrounding the use of copyrighted materials in the development of artificial intelligence (AI). It explores the rise of AI and its reliance on data, emphasizing the importance of data availability for machine learning...

AI standardization promises to support the implementation of EU legislation and promote the rapid transfer,transparency, and interoperability of this massively disruptive technology. However, apart from well-known practical difficulties stemming from the unique probabilistic nature and the rapid development of AI...

For more than a century scholars have proposed laws of se-\nmantic change that characterize how words change in meaning\nover time. Two such laws are the law of differentiation, which\nproposes that near-synonyms tend to differentiate in meaning\nover time, and the law...

As methods in legal information retrieval (IR) evolve to meet the demands of rapidly increasing stores of electronic information, there is the intuitive appeal of capturing detail in legal queries with natural language processing (NLP). One difficulty with this approach...

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based cybersecurity services offer significant promise in many scenarios, including malware detection, content supervision, and so on. Meanwhile, many commercial and government applications have raised the need for intellectual property protection of using deep neural network (DNN). Existing...

This paper examines the evolution of legal personhood and explores whether historical precedents—from corporate personhood to environmental legal recognition—can inform frameworks for governing artificial intelligence (AI). By tracing the development of persona ficta in Roman law and subsequent expansions of...

The idea of artificial legal intelligence stems from a previous wave of artificial intelligence, then called jurimetrics. It was based on an algorithmic understanding of law, celebrating logic as the sole ingredient for proper legal argumentation. However, as Oliver Wendell...