Spectral Edge Dynamics of Training Trajectories: Signal--Noise Geometry Across Scales
arXiv:2603.15678v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite hundreds of millions of parameters, transformer training trajectories evolve within only a few coherent directions. We introduce \emph{Spectral Edge Dynamics} (SED) to measure this structure: rolling-window SVD of parameter updates reveals a sharp boundary...
Flood Risk Follows Valleys, Not Grids: Graph Neural Networks for Flash Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Himachal Pradesh with Conformal Uncertainty Quantification
arXiv:2603.15681v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Flash floods are the most destructive natural hazard in Himachal Pradesh (HP), India, causing over 400 fatalities and $1.2 billion in losses in the 2023 monsoon season alone. Existing risk maps treat every pixel independently,...
Evidential Domain Adaptation for Remaining Useful Life Prediction with Incomplete Degradation
arXiv:2603.15687v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction without labeled target domain data is a critical challenge, and domain adaptation (DA) has been widely adopted to address it by transferring knowledge from a labeled source domain to...
Transition Flow Matching
arXiv:2603.15689v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Mainstream flow matching methods typically focus on learning the local velocity field, which inherently requires multiple integration steps during generation. In contrast, Mean Velocity Flow models establish a relationship between the local velocity field and...
Tackling Over-smoothing on Hypergraphs: A Ricci Flow-guided Neural Diffusion Approach
arXiv:2603.15696v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hypergraph neural networks (HGNNs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in modeling complex higher-order relationships. However, existing HGNNs often suffer from over-smoothing as the number of layers increases and lack effective control over message passing among nodes....
Mastering the Minority: An Uncertainty-guided Multi-Expert Framework for Challenging-tailed Sequence Learning
arXiv:2603.15708v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Imbalanced data distribution remains a critical challenge in sequential learning, leading models to easily recognize frequent categories while failing to detect minority classes adequately. The Mixture-of-Experts model offers a scalable solution, yet its application is...
Embedding-Aware Feature Discovery: Bridging Latent Representations and Interpretable Features in Event Sequences
arXiv:2603.15713v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Industrial financial systems operate on temporal event sequences such as transactions, user actions, and system logs. While recent research emphasizes representation learning and large language models, production systems continue to rely heavily on handcrafted statistical...
Meta-TTRL: A Metacognitive Framework for Self-Improving Test-Time Reinforcement Learning in Unified Multimodal Models
arXiv:2603.15724v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Existing test-time scaling (TTS) methods for unified multimodal models (UMMs) in text-to-image (T2I) generation primarily rely on search or sampling strategies that produce only instance-level improvements, limiting the ability to learn from prior inferences and...
OMNIFLOW: A Physics-Grounded Multimodal Agent for Generalized Scientific Reasoning
arXiv:2603.15797v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional logical reasoning capabilities but frequently struggle with the continuous spatiotemporal dynamics governed by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), often resulting in non-physical hallucinations. Existing approaches typically resort to costly,...
Longitudinal Risk Prediction in Mammography with Privileged History Distillation
arXiv:2603.15814v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Longitudinal mammography risk prediction models improve multi-year breast cancer risk prediction based on prior screening exams. However, in real-world clinical practice, longitudinal histories are often...
Hypothesis Class Determines Explanation: Why Accurate Models Disagree on Feature Attribution
arXiv:2603.15821v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The assumption that prediction-equivalent models produce equivalent explanations underlies many practices in explainable AI, including model selection, auditing, and regulatory evaluation. In this work, we show that this assumption does not hold. Through a large-scale...
When Stability Fails: Hidden Failure Modes Of LLMS in Data-Constrained Scientific Decision-Making
arXiv:2603.15840v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as decision-support tools in data-constrained scientific workflows, where correctness and validity are critical. However, evaluation practices often emphasize stability or reproducibility across repeated runs. While these properties are...
Informationally Compressive Anonymization: Non-Degrading Sensitive Input Protection for Privacy-Preserving Supervised Machine Learning
arXiv:2603.15842v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern machine learning systems increasingly rely on sensitive data, creating significant privacy, security, and regulatory risks that existing privacy-preserving machine learning (ppML) techniques, such as Differential Privacy (DP) and Homomorphic Encryption (HE), address only at...
Evaluating Black-Box Vulnerabilities with Wasserstein-Constrained Data Perturbations
arXiv:2603.15867v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The massive use of Machine Learning (ML) tools in industry comes with critical challenges, such as the lack of explainable models and the use of black-box algorithms. We address this issue by applying Optimal Transport...
Counteractive RL: Rethinking Core Principles for Efficient and Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning
arXiv:2603.15871v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Following the pivotal success of learning strategies to win at tasks, solely by interacting with an environment without any supervision, agents have gained the ability to make sequential decisions in complex MDPs. Yet, reinforcement learning...
Electrodermal Activity as a Unimodal Signal for Aerobic Exercise Detection in Wearable Sensors
arXiv:2603.15880v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Electrodermal Activity (EDA) is a non-invasive physiological signal widely available in wearable devices and reflects sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation. Prior multi-modal studies have demonstrated robust performance in distinguishing stress and exercise states when EDA...
Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Medical AI
arXiv:2603.15901v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This dissertation investigates privacy-preserving federated learning for Alzheimer's disease classification using three-dimensional MRI data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Existing methodologies often suffer from unrealistic data partitioning, inadequate privacy guarantees, and insufficient benchmarking,...
Game-Theory-Assisted Reinforcement Learning for Border Defense: Early Termination based on Analytical Solutions
arXiv:2603.15907v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Game theory provides the gold standard for analyzing adversarial engagements, offering strong optimality guarantees. However, these guarantees often become brittle when assumptions such as perfect information are violated. Reinforcement learning (RL), by contrast, is adaptive...
The Agentic Researcher: A Practical Guide to AI-Assisted Research in Mathematics and Machine Learning
arXiv:2603.15914v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: AI tools and agents are reshaping how researchers work, from proving theorems to training neural networks. Yet for many, it remains unclear how these tools fit into everyday research practice. This paper is a practical...
Auto Researching, not hyperparameter tuning: Convergence Analysis of 10,000 Experiments
arXiv:2603.15916v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When LLM agents autonomously design ML experiments, do they perform genuine architecture search -- or do they default to hyperparameter tuning within a narrow region of the design space? We answer this question by analyzing...
Generative Inverse Design with Abstention via Diagonal Flow Matching
arXiv:2603.15925v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Inverse design aims to find design parameters $x$ achieving target performance $y^*$. Generative approaches learn bidirectional mappings between designs and labels, enabling diverse solution sampling. However, standard conditional flow matching (CFM), when adapted to inverse...
Evaluating Causal Discovery Algorithms for Path-Specific Fairness and Utility in Healthcare
arXiv:2603.15926v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Causal discovery in health data faces evaluation challenges when ground truth is unknown. We address this by collaborating with experts to construct proxy ground-truth graphs, establishing benchmarks for synthetic Alzheimer's disease and heart failure clinical...
Discovery of interaction and diffusion kernels in particle-to-mean-field multi-agent systems
arXiv:2603.15927v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose a data-driven framework to learn interaction kernels in stochastic multi-agent systems. Our approach aims at identifying the functional form of nonlocal interaction and diffusion terms directly from trajectory data, without any a priori...
Data-Local Autonomous LLM-Guided Neural Architecture Search for Multiclass Multimodal Time-Series Classification
arXiv:2603.15939v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Applying machine learning to sensitive time-series data is often bottlenecked by the iteration loop: Performance depends strongly on preprocessing and architecture, yet training often has to run on-premise under strict data-local constraints. This is a...
GASP: Guided Asymmetric Self-Play For Coding LLMs
arXiv:2603.15957v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Asymmetric self-play has emerged as a promising paradigm for post-training large language models, where a teacher continually generates questions for a student to solve at the edge of the student's learnability. Although these methods promise...
Deriving Hyperparameter Scaling Laws via Modern Optimization Theory
arXiv:2603.15958v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Hyperparameter transfer has become an important component of modern large-scale training recipes. Existing methods, such as muP, primarily focus on transfer between model sizes, with transfer across batch sizes and training horizons often relying on...
Determinism in the Undetermined: Deterministic Output in Charge-Conserving Continuous-Time Neuromorphic Systems with Temporal Stochasticity
arXiv:2603.15987v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Achieving deterministic computation results in asynchronous neuromorphic systems remains a fundamental challenge due to the inherent temporal stochasticity of continuous-time hardware. To address this, we develop a unified continuous-time framework for spiking neural networks (SNNs)...
The Importance of Being Smoothly Calibrated
arXiv:2603.16015v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent work has highlighted the centrality of smooth calibration [Kakade and Foster, 2008] as a robust measure of calibration error. We generalize, unify, and extend previous results on smooth calibration, both as a robust calibration...
Residual Stream Duality in Modern Transformer Architectures
arXiv:2603.16039v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent work has made clear that the residual pathway is not mere optimization plumbing; it is part of the model's representational machinery. We agree, but argue that the cleanest way to organize this design space...
Collaborative Temporal Feature Generation via Critic-Free Reinforcement Learning for Cross-User Sensor-Based Activity Recognition
arXiv:2603.16043v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Human Activity Recognition using wearable inertial sensors is foundational to healthcare monitoring, fitness analytics, and context-aware computing, yet its deployment is hindered by cross-user variability arising from heterogeneous physiological traits, motor habits, and sensor placements....