Nils A. Herrmann, Tobias Eder, Jingyi He, Georg Groh

Beyond Hate: Differentiating Uncivil and Intolerant Speech in Multimodal Content Moderation

arXiv:2603.22985v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Current multimodal toxicity benchmarks typically use a single binary hatefulness label. This coarse approach conflates two fundamentally different characteristics of …