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HateMirage: An Explainable Multi-Dimensional Dataset for Decoding Faux Hate and Subtle Online Abuse

arXiv:2603.02684v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Subtle and indirect hate speech remains an underexplored challenge in online safety research, particularly when harmful intent is embedded within misleading or manipulative narratives. Existing hate speech datasets primarily capture overt toxicity, underrepresenting the nuanced ways misinformation can incite or normalize hate. To address this gap, we present HateMirage, a novel dataset of Faux Hate comments designed to advance reasoning and explainability research on hate emerging from fake or distorted narratives. The dataset was constructed by identifying widely debunked misinformation claims from fact-checking sources and tracing related YouTube discussions, resulting in 4,530 user comments. Each comment is annotated along three interpretable dimensions: Target (who is affected), Intent (the underlying motivation or goal behind the comment), and Implication (its potential social impact). Unlike prior explainability datasets such as Ha

arXiv:2603.02684v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Subtle and indirect hate speech remains an underexplored challenge in online safety research, particularly when harmful intent is embedded within misleading or manipulative narratives. Existing hate speech datasets primarily capture overt toxicity, underrepresenting the nuanced ways misinformation can incite or normalize hate. To address this gap, we present HateMirage, a novel dataset of Faux Hate comments designed to advance reasoning and explainability research on hate emerging from fake or distorted narratives. The dataset was constructed by identifying widely debunked misinformation claims from fact-checking sources and tracing related YouTube discussions, resulting in 4,530 user comments. Each comment is annotated along three interpretable dimensions: Target (who is affected), Intent (the underlying motivation or goal behind the comment), and Implication (its potential social impact). Unlike prior explainability datasets such as HateXplain and HARE, which offer token-level or single-dimensional reasoning, HateMirage introduces a multi-dimensional explanation framework that captures the interplay between misinformation, harm, and social consequence. We benchmark multiple open-source language models on HateMirage using ROUGE-L F1 and Sentence-BERT similarity to assess explanation coherence. Results suggest that explanation quality may depend more on pretraining diversity and reasoning-oriented data rather than on model scale alone. By coupling misinformation reasoning with harm attribution, HateMirage establishes a new benchmark for interpretable hate detection and responsible AI research.

Executive Summary

The article introduces HateMirage, a novel dataset designed to decode faux hate and subtle online abuse. It consists of 4,530 user comments annotated along three dimensions: Target, Intent, and Implication. The dataset aims to advance reasoning and explainability research on hate emerging from fake or distorted narratives. The study benchmarks multiple language models on HateMirage, suggesting that explanation quality depends on pretraining diversity and reasoning-oriented data. The dataset establishes a new benchmark for interpretable hate detection and responsible AI research, addressing the underexplored challenge of subtle and indirect hate speech.

Key Points

  • Introduction of the HateMirage dataset for decoding faux hate and subtle online abuse
  • Annotation of comments along three dimensions: Target, Intent, and Implication
  • Benchmarking of language models on HateMirage to assess explanation coherence

Merits

Comprehensive Dataset

The HateMirage dataset provides a comprehensive framework for understanding hate speech, including the nuances of misinformation and harm attribution.

Demerits

Limited Generalizability

The dataset's focus on YouTube comments and debunked misinformation claims may limit its generalizability to other online platforms and contexts.

Expert Commentary

The introduction of the HateMirage dataset marks a significant step forward in the development of more nuanced and explainable approaches to hate speech detection. By capturing the interplay between misinformation, harm, and social consequence, the dataset provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to improve online safety. However, further research is needed to address the limitations of the dataset and to explore its applications in real-world contexts.

Recommendations

  • Future research should focus on expanding the dataset to include a more diverse range of online platforms and contexts
  • The development of more advanced language models that can effectively capture the nuances of hate speech and misinformation

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